How the Septic System Works

Wastewater and solids enter the first chamber of the septic tank where a sediment layer, liquid layer and top layer (or "crust") form in a healthy tank. Over time, the bacteria will do their best to break down all of the solids. The solids that can't be broken down will build up in the sediment layer. The septic tank should be pumped every few years to remove the build up of sediment.

The Septic Tank

Septic tanks do the main storage and filtration work of septic systems. The bacteria in the tank treat the majority of sewage solids and nearly all grease from household wastewater. Each tank is made up of two chambers: the first measuring two-thirds of the tank; the other measuring one-third. The large chamber does most of the treatment, while the second chamber assures full treatment before the effluent leaves the tank.

The Effluent Filter

An effluent filter can be installed on the outlet of your septic tank. It guarantees that no solids enter your secondary treatment system. This filter is important. If solids plug the secondary treatment system, it will need to be replaced.

Typical Parts of a Septic System

• Septic Tank
• Secondary treatment system (weeping or leaching bed or other options)
• Pump system (only needed if your septic system is uphill or if you have more than 150m [ 500 ft +/- ] of tile)

Selecting the Proper System

The best advice we can give to you is:

1. Obtain a permit and get detailed instrucions for your job from your local authorities.
2. Choose a quality tank, filter and accessory parts.
3. Use a licensed installer.

Secondary Treatment System

Secondary treatment systems come in many forms. Over the last few years, many new technologies have been proven and approved:

Weeping or Leaching Bed

This traditional system consists of a network of perforated pipes installed in trenches in a bed of stone. Under the lawn, the semi-treated effluent from the septic tank trickles into these pipes and into a stone bed where helpful bacteria and other soil organisms complete the breakdown of the effluent. The treated water then evaporates, filters back into the groundwater, or is used by the grass in the lawn. In order for the bacteria to work efficiently the lawn must be allowed to breathe.

Infiltrator™

This newer system is a direct replacement to the pipe used in a weeping or leaching bed. The Infiltrator™ has a very large water and air capacity, and does not require a stone bed.

Filter Bed

This small weeping bed is built into the sand that is brought to the site. It is ideal for residential or cottage properties where there is not enough soil for a standard weeping bed.